Cette thèse constitue une analyse critique et méthodologique des modèles d'évaluation intégrée climat-économie DICE (Dynamic Integrated Climate-Economy) et RICE (Regional Integrated Climate-Economy). Ces modèles économiques s'attachent à éclairer deux sujets fondamentaux : la détermination du niveau optimal de réduction des émissions (via un prix du carbone) au regard du coût des dommages climatiques, pour le premier ; la décentralisation de la politique de contrôle des émissions entre des régions aux intérêts divergents, pour le second.Pour ce faire, le modèle DICE repose sur une approche coût-bénéfice, arbitrant entre les investissements technologiques immédiats et les...

Search And Rescue (SAR) operations often occur in complex and hazardous environments under critical time constraints. While drones accelerate search and reduce risks, the use of multi-drone systems in real operations remains limited. Existing research emphasizes high automation, positioning operators as supervisors while real missions require continuous adaptation. We explore interaction design for multi-drone SAR operations, focusing on transitions between mission planning, supervision, and manual piloting. Using a research-through-design approach, we conducted interviews with SAR professionals, iteratively designed a virtual reality prototype integrating both multi...

To mitigate the projected increase in emissions of the aeronautical sector, companies investigate novel propulsive systems. Three main aspects are considered: energy sources (e.g., electricity, hydrogen), powertrain technologies and equipment (e.g., fuel cells, smart motors), and propulsive architectures (e.g., series/parallel hybrid-electric, distributed propulsion). The need to study these alternatives results in a vast design space, as each potential solution has benefits and drawbacks. To facilitate the exploration of the design space, this paper presents a methodology to generate, evaluate and select aircraft propulsive architectures. The application of the method to...

The RINEX format has been around for many decades, providing an essential element to process GNSS data. Going from a RINEX file to a GNSS solution requires however a number of additional computation steps, in order to compute corrections to be applied to the GNSS observations, or information used in the estimation algorithm such as the Jacobian matrix of the observation models or weights attributed to a particular GNSS observation. This essential information is not readily available in existing GNSS open-source software. Our tool prx is an open-source python library that processes RINEX observation files, computes the typical parameters required by GNSS positioning...

Learning to visualize 3D airspaces from 2D representations is crucial for air traffic controller students. Immersive virtual learning environments may help students. This study explores the impact of embodied cognition on the visuospatial learning of 3D airspaces. By comparing active learning (high motor engagement, free locomotion) with passive learning (seated, limited interaction), we aim to determine whether bodily interactions with the learning material facilitates the memorization of complex volumes. The study also evaluates whether Immersive augmented and Virtual Reality (AR/VR) can act as a compensatory factor for learners with low initial spatial abilities. The...

Despite their pervasiveness, interactive software are still notoriously difficult to conceive and maintain. In previous work, we proposed a software execution model, a software architecture (djnn) and a language (smala), whose combination provides the basis of what we call interaction-oriented programming. We have demonstrated its use in 2 cockpit HMIs. Here we show our work-in-progress at programming a highly interactive flight preparation HMI, and a radar for cockpit and for a controller working position able to interactively display thousands of elements. This work suggests that interaction-oriented programming with djnn and smala might be suitable for a class of...

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Drone swarms have emerged as promising robotic platforms to solve an increasing number of real-world problems. Yet, the design of fully distributed services atop drones remains challenging largely due to limitations in underlying network stacks. To address this, we make a case for highly available replication as a key building block for distributed computing in the face of ad hoc, lossy wireless networks. Our work leverages multicast primitives and Conflict-free Replicated Data Types (CRDTs) to improve replica synchronisation. Our emulation study indicates that state-of-the-art multicast primitives play an important role on data replication in drone swarms, highlighting a...

We investigate the evolution of the reliability of a mobile communication network through its capacity to avoid and withstand faults (called robustness) and to maintain proper functioning if faults occur nevertheless (called resilience). Our case study focuses on a swarm of nanosatellites orbiting the Moon and operating as a distributed space interferometer. The objective of this study is to evaluate the impact of graph division techniques on the robustness and resilience of the system, simultaneously. A high reliability level is key to guaranteeing proper quality of service by recovering from impairments while preserving the primary function or mission of the mobile...