Ecole Nationale de l'Aviation Civile
Toutes les publications de l'ENAC en direct.
All ENAC publications.
Developing innovative system architectures increasingly relies on advanced modeling and optimization techniques to frame the architecting process and define the corresponding computational problems. In the context of complex System-of-Systems (SoS), high-fidelity multiphysics and multidisciplinary simulations are essential for capturing detailed behaviors. However, their severe computational expense and the risk of evaluation failures make direct optimization highly challenging. To overcome these limitations, surrogate-based approaches, particularly Bayesian optimization, have emerged as highly effective tools for managing expensive, black-box simulation tasks. This work...
La gestion d'un réseau internet consiste à assurer une bonne qualité de service (latence, débit) à chaque utilisateur. Il faut avant tout contrôler l'état des systèmes. Les télécommunications sont perturbées par des erreurs lien, exacerbées dans le cadre des mégaconstellations par la distance et le mouvement des satellites, et la surcharge du réseau. Ensuite, les ressources du réseau doivent être partagées. Ce partage est effectué dans les réseaux IP d'une part par les utilisateurs finaux qui adaptent leur débit en fonction des conditions du réseau, et d'autre part par les routeurs, propriété du gestionnaire du réseau. Ces derniers relaient les paquets de données selon...
The continuous growth of global air transport presents a critical challenge: meeting increasing mobility demand while addressing the sector's significant contribution to anthropogenic climate change. While carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions are a primary focus, non-CO2 effects—particularly condensation trails (contrails) and contrail-cirrus—account for a major portion of aviation's effective radiative forcing. Unlike long-lived CO2, the climate impact of contrails is short-lived and highly dependent on localized atmospheric conditions, offering a unique opportunity for mitigation through operational trajectory adjustments. This thesis addresses the critical gap between the...
New sensing and display hardware is making it increasingly easy to incorporate live data-driven feedback and visualizations to support participants in sports and other physical activities. For example, a jogger wearing a smartwatch equipped with health-related sensors or a pair of smart glasses can monitor their pace and heart rate in-situ and adjust their behavior to meet their goals. However, the diverse contexts in which physical activities take place makes designing for such experiences very different from designing traditional desktop-based data visualizations. Activities may occur in dynamic environments (outdoors in the rain vs. indoors at a gym), involve different...
Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite constellations enable global connectivity, but face unique routing challenges due to dynamic topologies and limited resources. Routing performance is mostly influenced by two conflicting metrics: the network load and the end-to-end latency. The former is closely tied to reliability and throughput, whereas the latter directly regards the userperceived responsiveness. This paper introduces two bi-objective linear programming models for routing in LEO constellations, jointly minimizing congestion and path latency. While propagation delay is essentially fixed by links geometry, queuing delay constitutes the main variable contributor to latency...
Les agents responsables de la fouille des bagages dans les aéroports sont soumis à plusieurs centres d'attention. En effet, l'opérateur doit se concentrer sur le bagage, l'écran affichant son contenu et le propriétaire du bagage. Le fait de devoir passer d'un point d'intérêt à un autre entraîne des pertes d'attention. Cette thèse va étudier et proposer des solutions innovantes pour assurer le liens entre les mondes physiques et numérique pour la représentation de données en générale mais aussi appliquée à la détection de menaces issues de scans de bagages de passagers. Cette thèse va donc explorer les enjeux technologique pour l'exploration de données en utilisant les...
Cette thèse constitue une analyse critique et méthodologique des modèles d'évaluation intégrée climat-économie DICE (Dynamic Integrated Climate-Economy) et RICE (Regional Integrated Climate-Economy). Ces modèles économiques s'attachent à éclairer deux sujets fondamentaux : la détermination du niveau optimal de réduction des émissions (via un prix du carbone) au regard du coût des dommages climatiques, pour le premier ; la décentralisation de la politique de contrôle des émissions entre des régions aux intérêts divergents, pour le second.Pour ce faire, le modèle DICE repose sur une approche coût-bénéfice, arbitrant entre les investissements technologiques immédiats et les...
Search And Rescue (SAR) operations often occur in complex and hazardous environments under critical time constraints. While drones accelerate search and reduce risks, the use of multi-drone systems in real operations remains limited. Existing research emphasizes high automation, positioning operators as supervisors while real missions require continuous adaptation. We explore interaction design for multi-drone SAR operations, focusing on transitions between mission planning, supervision, and manual piloting. Using a research-through-design approach, we conducted interviews with SAR professionals, iteratively designed a virtual reality prototype integrating both multi...
To mitigate the projected increase in emissions of the aeronautical sector, companies investigate novel propulsive systems. Three main aspects are considered: energy sources (e.g., electricity, hydrogen), powertrain technologies and equipment (e.g., fuel cells, smart motors), and propulsive architectures (e.g., series/parallel hybrid-electric, distributed propulsion). The need to study these alternatives results in a vast design space, as each potential solution has benefits and drawbacks. To facilitate the exploration of the design space, this paper presents a methodology to generate, evaluate and select aircraft propulsive architectures. The application of the method to...
The RINEX format has been around for many decades, providing an essential element to process GNSS data. Going from a RINEX file to a GNSS solution requires however a number of additional computation steps, in order to compute corrections to be applied to the GNSS observations, or information used in the estimation algorithm such as the Jacobian matrix of the observation models or weights attributed to a particular GNSS observation. This essential information is not readily available in existing GNSS open-source software. Our tool prx is an open-source python library that processes RINEX observation files, computes the typical parameters required by GNSS positioning...
